Molecular Planarization of Raman Probes to Avoid Background Interference for High-Precision Intraoperative Imaging of Tumor Micrometastases and Lymph Nodes.

Abstract

The intraoperative imaging applications of a large number of Raman probes are hampered by the overlap of their signals with the background Raman signals generated by biological tissues. Here, we describe a molecular planarization strategy for adjusting the Raman shift of these Raman probes to avoid interference. Using this strategy, we modify the backbone of thiophene polymer-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and obtain the adjacent thiophene units planarized polycyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene (PCPDT). Compared with P3HT whose signal is disturbed by the Raman signal of lipids in tissues, PCPDT exhibits a 60 cm^-1 blueshift in its characteristic signal. Therefore, the PCPDT probe successfully avoids the signal of lipids, and achieves intraoperative imaging of lymph nodes and tumor micrometastasis as small as 0.30 × 0.36 mm. In summary, our study presents a concise molecular planarization strategy for regulating the signal shift of Raman probes, and brings a tunable thiophene polymer probe for high-precision intraoperative Raman imaging.