Dual-polarity voltage imaging of the concurrent dynamics of multiple neuron types.

Kannan, Madhuvanthi; Vasan, Ganesh; Haziza, Simon; Huang, Cheng; Chrapkiewicz, Radosław; Luo, Junjie; Cardin, Jessica A; Schnitzer, Mark J et al. · Science · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Genetically encoded fluorescent voltage indicators are ideally suited to reveal the millisecond-scale interactions among and between targeted cell populations. However, current indicators lack the requisite sensitivity for in vivo multipopulation imaging. We describe next-generation green and red voltage sensors, Ace-mNeon2 and VARNAM2, and their reverse response-polarity variants pAce and pAceR. Our indicators enable 0.4- to 1-kilohertz voltage recordings from >50 spiking neurons per field of view in awake mice and ~30-minute continuous imaging in flies. Using dual-polarity multiplexed imaging, we uncovered brain state-dependent antagonism between neocortical somatostatin-expressing (SST<sup>+</sup>) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP<sup>+</sup>) interneurons and contributions to hippocampal field potentials from cell ensembles with distinct axonal projections. By combining three mutually compatible indicators, we performed simultaneous triple-population imaging. These approaches will empower investigations of the dynamic interplay between neuronal subclasses at single-spike resolution.

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