Liquid metal synthesis solvents for metallic crystals.

Idrus-Saidi, Shuhada A; Tang, Jianbo; Lambie, Stephanie; Han, Jialuo; Mayyas, Mohannad; Ghasemian, Mohammad B; Allioux, Francois-Marie; Cai, Shengxiang et al. · Science · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

In nature, snowflake ice crystals arrange themselves into diverse symmetrical six-sided structures. We show an analogy of this when zinc (Zn) dissolves and crystallizes in liquid gallium (Ga). The low-melting-temperature Ga is used as a "metallic solvent" to synthesize a range of flake-like Zn crystals. We extract these metallic crystals from the liquid metal solvent by reducing its surface tension using a combination of electrocapillary modulation and vacuum filtration. The liquid metal-grown crystals feature high morphological diversity and persistent symmetry. The concept is expanded to other single and binary metal solutes and Ga-based solvents, with the growth mechanisms elucidated through ab initio simulation of interfacial stability. This strategy offers general routes for creating highly crystalline, shape-controlled metallic or multimetallic fine structures from liquid metal solvents.