Seroepidemiological study of human brucellosis in the Northeast region of Meghalaya, India.

Abstract

Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of major public health concern. In India, the incidence of brucellosis remains vastly underreported due to its non-specific clinical presentation and sub-optimal sensitivity of existing gold standard tests. Studies in Northeast India have shown high incidences of brucellosis in livestock, but the region lacks data on human brucellosis despite its high associated risk. In the present study, we report the seroprevalence of human brucellosis and its associated risk factors in Meghalaya, Northeast India. A prospective observational study was conducted in East Khasi Hills and Ri.Bhoi districts of Meghalaya, from July 2018 to July 2020. A total of 1046 suspected patients with febrile illness along with associated risk factors were recruited through camps and various diagnostic laboratories in the defined region as per the pre.specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Baseline, demographics, and clinical characteristics were recorded of all the consenting participants. Blood samples were analyzed for brucellosis-specific IgM antibodies through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be 11.37% in Meghalaya. Among recruited participants, females were found to be more susceptible than males. Risk factors such as consumption of meat were found to be more significantly associated with brucellosis disease in the study region. Among the clinical presentations, pyrexia of unknown origin, myalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome were found to be significantly associated with brucellosis disease in IgM.positive cases. Our result suggests further epidemiological investigations for human brucellosis in Northeast India toward improved advocacy for accurate diagnosis, and development of proper response mechanism in areas of high endemicity.