A Dynamic Membrane-Active Glycopeptide for Enhanced Protection of Human Red Blood Cells against Freeze-Stress.

Abstract

Intracellular delivery of freezing-tolerant trehalose is crucial for cryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs) and previous strategies based on membrane-disruptive activity usually generate severe hemolysis. Herein, a dynamic membrane-active glycopeptide is developed by grafting with 25% maltotriose and 50% p-benzyl alcohol for the first time to effectively facilitate entry of membrane-impermeable trehalose in human RBCs with low hemolysis. Results of the mechanism acting on cell membranes suggest that reversible adsorption of such benzyl alcohol-grafted glycopeptide on cell surfaces upon weak perturbation with phospholipids and dynamic transition toward membrane stabilization are essential for keeping cellular biofunctions. Furthermore, the functionalized glycopeptide is indicative of typical α-helical/β-sheet structure-driven regulations of ice crystals during freeze-thaw, thereby strongly promoting efficient cryopreservation. Such all-in-one glycopeptide enables achieving both high cell recovery post-thaw >85% and exceptional cryosurvival >95% in direct freezing protocols. The rationally designed benzyl alcohol-modified glycopeptide permits the development of a competent platform with high generality for protection of blood cells against freeze-stress.