Physics-guided co-designing flexible thermoelectrics with techno-economic sustainability for low-grade heat harvesting.

Zhou, Yi; Liu, Xixi; Jia, Baohai; Ding, Tianpeng; Mao, Dasha; Wang, Tiancheng; Ho, Ghim Wei; He, Jiaqing · Sci Adv · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Flexible thermoelectric harvesting of omnipresent spatial thermodynamic energy, though promising in low-grade waste heat recovery (<100°C), is still far from industrialization because of its unequivocal cost-ineffectiveness caused by low thermoelectric efficiency and power-cost coupled device topology. Here, we demonstrate unconventional upcycling of low-grade heat via physics-guided rationalized flexible thermoelectrics, without increasing total heat input or tailoring material properties, into electricity with a power-cost ratio (W/US$) enhancement of 25.3% compared to conventional counterparts. The reduced material usage (44%) contributes to device power-cost "decoupling," leading to geometry-dependent optimal electrical matching for output maximization. This offers an energy consumption reduction (19.3%), electricity savings (0.24 kWh W<sup>-1</sup>), and CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction (0.17 kg W<sup>-1</sup>) for large-scale industrial production, fundamentally reshaping the R&D route of flexible thermoelectrics for techno-economic sustainable heat harvesting. Our findings highlight a facile yet cost-effective strategy not only for low-grade heat harvesting but also for electronic co-design in heat management/recovery frontiers.