In Situ Imaging of an Anisotropic Layer-by-Layer Phase Transition in Few-Layer MoTe<sub>2</sub>.

Lee, Chia-Hao; Ryu, Huije; Nolan, Gillian; Zhang, Yichao; Lee, Yangjin; Oh, Siwon; Cheong, Hyeonsik; Watanabe, Kenji et al. · Nano Lett · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Understanding the phase transition mechanisms in two-dimensional (2D) materials is a key to precisely tailor their properties at the nanoscale. Molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe<sub>2</sub>) exhibits multiple phases at room temperature, making it a promising candidate for phase-change applications. Here, we fabricate lateral 2<i>H</i>-<i>T</i><sub>d</sub> interfaces with laser irradiation and probe their phase transitions from micro- to atomic scales with <i>in situ</i> heating in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). By encapsulating the MoTe<sub>2</sub> with graphene protection layers, we create an <i>in situ</i> reaction cell compatible with atomic resolution imaging. We find that the <i>T</i><sub>d</sub>-to-<i>2H</i> phase transition initiates at phase boundaries at low temperatures (200-225 °C) and propagates anisotropically along the <i>b</i>-axis in a layer-by-layer fashion. We also demonstrate a fully reversible <i>2H</i>-<i>T</i><sub>d</sub>-<i>2H</i> phase transition cycle, which generates a coherent <i>2H</i> lattice containing inversion domain boundaries. Our results provide insights on fabricating 2D heterophase devices with atomically sharp and coherent interfaces.