Thermodynamic uncertainty relation from involutions.

Abstract

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) is a lower bound for the variance of a current (over the mean squared) as a function of the average entropy production. Depending on the assumptions, one obtains different versions of the TUR. For instance, from the exchange fluctuation theorem, one obtains a corresponding exchange TUR. Alternatively, we show that TURs are a consequence of a very simple property: Every process s has only one conjugate s^{'}=m(s), where m is an involution, m(m(s))=s. This property allows the derivation of a general TUR without using any fluctuation theorem. As applications, we obtain the exchange TUR, the hysteretic TUR, a fluctuation-response inequality and a lower bound for the entropy production in terms of other nonequilibrium metrics.