Achieving giant electrostrain of above 1% in (Bi,Na)TiO<sub>3</sub>-based lead-free piezoelectrics via introducing oxygen-defect composition.

Luo, Huajie; Liu, Hui; Huang, Houbing; Song, Yu; Tucker, Matthew G; Sun, Zheng; Yao, Yonghao; Gao, Baitao et al. · Sci Adv · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Piezoelectric ceramics have been extensively used in actuators, where the magnitude of electrostrain is key indicator for large-stroke actuation applications. Here, we propose an innovative strategy based on defect chemistry to form a defect-engineered morphotropic phase boundary and achieve a giant strain of 1.12% in lead-free Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (BNT)-based ceramics. The incorporation of the hypothetical perovskite BaAlO<sub>2.5</sub> with nominal oxygen defect into BNT will form strongly polarized directional defect dipoles, leading to a strong pinning effect after aging. The large asymmetrical strain is mainly attributed to two factors: The defect dipoles along crystallographic [001] direction destroy the long-range ordering of the ferroelectric and activate a reversible phase transition while promoting polarization rotation when the dipoles are aligned along the applied electric field. Our results not only demonstrate the potential application of BNT-based materials in low-frequency, large-stroke actuators but also provide a general methodology to achieve large strain.