Higher Mortality Rate in Patients with Vertebral Compression Fractures is due to Deteriorated Medical Status Prior to the Fracture Event.

Abstract

Vertebral compression fractures (VCF) are the most common low-energy fractures in older people and are associated with increased mortality. To assess mortality risk in patients suffering from VCF, we conducted a retrospective observational long-term cohort study. The study included 270 patients. 221 patients were treated conservatively, and 49 were treated with vertebroplasty. The study group was compared to a control group of 1641 random individuals age and sex-matched. Electronic healthcare data extracted included monthly chronic medications taken regularly 3 months before hospitalisation, analgesics excluded, and date of death. Patients who suffer from VCF tend to consume more chronic medications. The mean count of chronic medication prescriptions in the 3 months before hospitalisation was 16.41 (±9.11) in the VCF group and 11.52 (± 7.17) in the control cohort (<i>P</i> < .0001). In univariate analysis, patients with VCF showed decreased long-term survival (<i>P</i> < .00). However, when controlled for age, sex, and chronic medications uptake, no significant difference was observed between the groups in a multivariate model (<i>P</i> = .12). The study demonstrates that VCF as an independent variable has a marginal effect on mortality. The higher mortality prevalent in these patients is due to the deteriorated health status of the patients before fracture.