Gender-associated cardiometabolic risk profiles and health behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) program.
cross_sectional · Level IV
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 36785858.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100663 and PMC identifier 9918795.
- Licence recorded as CC BY.
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Abstract
In Asia, diabetes-associated death due to cardiorenal diseases were 2-3 times higher in women than men which might be due to gender disparity in quality of care and health habits. Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from 11 Asian countries/areas were assessed using the same protocol (2007-2015). We compared treatment target attainment (HbA<sub>1c</sub> < 7%, blood pressure [BP] < 130/80 mmHg, risk-based LDL-cholesterol, lack of central obesity [waist circumference <90 cm in men or <80 cm in women), use of cardiorenal-protective drugs (renin-angiotensin system [RAS] inhibitors, statins), and self-reported health habits including self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) by gender. Analyses were stratified by countries/areas, age of natural menopause (<50 <i>vs.</i> ≥50 years), and comorbidities (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [ASCVD], heart failure, kidney impairment [eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>]). Among 106,376 patients (53.2% men; median (interquartile range) diabetes duration: 6.0 (2.0-12.0) years; mean ± SD HbA<sub>1c</sub> 8.0 ± 1.9%; 27% insulin-treated), women were older and less likely to receive college education than men (28.9% <i>vs.</i> 48.8%). Women were less likely to smoke/drink alcohol and were physically less active than men. Women had lower BP (<130/80 mmHg: 29.4% <i>vs.</i> 25.7%), less general obesity (54.8% <i>vs.</i> 57.8%) but more central obesity than men (77.5% <i>vs.</i> 57.3%). Women were less likely to have ASCVD (12.8% <i>vs.</i> 17.0%) or heart failure (1.3% <i>vs.</i> 2.3%), but more likely to have kidney impairment (22.3% <i>vs.</i> 17.6%) and any-site cancer than men (2.5% <i>vs.</i> 1.6%). In most countries/areas, more men attained HbA<sub>1c</sub> <7% and risk-based LDL-cholesterol level than women. After adjusting for potential confounders including countries and centres, men had 1.63 odds ratio (95% CI 1.51, 1.74) of attaining ≥3 treatment targets than women. Asian women with T2D had worse quality of care than men especially in middle-income countries/areas, calling for targeted implementation programs to close these care gaps. Asia Diabetes Foundation. Nil.