EEG-based major depressive disorder recognition by selecting discriminative features via stochastic search.

Abstract

<i>Objective</i>. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder whose diagnosis relies on experienced psychiatrists, resulting in a low diagnosis rate. As a typical physiological signal, electroencephalography (EEG) has indicated a strong association with human beings' mental activities and can be served as an objective biomarker for diagnosing MDD.<i>Approach</i>. The basic idea of the proposed method fully considers all the channel information in EEG-based MDD recognition and designs a stochastic search algorithm to select the best discriminative features for describing the individual channels.<i>Main results</i>. To evaluate the proposed method, we conducted extensive experiments on the MODMA dataset (including dot-probe tasks and resting state), a 128-electrode public EEG-based MDD dataset including 24 patients with depressive disorder and 29 healthy controls. Under the leave-one-subject-out cross-validation protocol, the proposed method achieved an average accuracy of 99.53% in the fear-neutral face pairs cued experiment and 99.32% in the resting state, outperforming state-of-the-art MDD recognition methods. Moreover, our experimental results also indicated that negative emotional stimuli could induce depressive states, and high-frequency EEG features contributed significantly to distinguishing between normal and depressive patients, which can be served as a marker for MDD recognition.<i>Significance</i>. The proposed method provided a possible solution to an intelligent diagnosis of MDD and can be used to develop a computer-aided diagnostic tool to aid clinicians in early diagnosis for clinical purposes.