Negative-mass exciton polaritons induced by dissipative light-matter coupling in an atomically thin semiconductor.

Wurdack, M; Yun, T; Katzer, M; Truscott, A G; Knorr, A; Selig, M; Ostrovskaya, E A; Estrecho, E · Nat Commun · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Dispersion engineering is a powerful and versatile tool that can vary the speed of light signals and induce negative-mass effects in the dynamics of particles and quasiparticles. Here, we show that dissipative coupling between bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) and photons in an optical microcavity can lead to the formation of exciton polaritons with an inverted dispersion of the lower polariton branch and hence, a negative mass. We perform direct measurements of the anomalous dispersion in atomically thin (monolayer) WS<sub>2</sub> crystals embedded in planar microcavities and demonstrate that the propagation direction of the negative-mass polaritons is opposite to their momentum. Our study introduces the concept of non-Hermitian dispersion engineering for exciton polaritons and opens a pathway for realising new phases of quantum matter in a solid state.