Advances in Cartilage Repair.

Azam, Mohammad T; Butler, James J; Duenes, Matthew L; McAllister, Thomas W; Walls, Raymond C; Gianakos, Arianna L; Kennedy, John G · Orthop Clin North Am · 2023

review · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

Osteochondral lesions of the ankle joint are typically associated with a traumatic etiology and present with ankle pain and swelling. Conservative management yields unsatisfactory results because of the poor healing capacity of the articular cartilage. Smaller lesions (<100 mm<sup>2</sup> or <10 mm) can be treated with less invasive procedures such as arthroscopic debridement, anterograde drilling, scaffold-based therapies, and augmentation with biological adjuvants. For patients with large lesions (>100 mm<sup>2</sup> or >10 mm), cystic lesions, uncontained lesions, or patients who have failed prior bone marrow stimulation, management with autologous osteochondral transplantation is indicated.

Medical subject headings

Anatomy