Mechanism of <i>STMN2</i> cryptic splice-polyadenylation and its correction for TDP-43 proteinopathies.

Abstract

Loss of nuclear TDP-43 is a hallmark of neurodegeneration in TDP-43 proteinopathies, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). TDP-43 mislocalization results in cryptic splicing and polyadenylation of pre-messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) encoding stathmin-2 (also known as SCG10), a protein that is required for axonal regeneration. We found that TDP-43 binding to a GU-rich region sterically blocked recognition of the cryptic 3' splice site in <i>STMN2</i> pre-mRNA. Targeting dCasRx or antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) suppressed cryptic splicing, which restored axonal regeneration and stathmin-2-dependent lysosome trafficking in TDP-43-deficient human motor neurons. In mice that were gene-edited to contain human <i>STMN2</i> cryptic splice-polyadenylation sequences, ASO injection into cerebral spinal fluid successfully corrected <i>Stmn2</i> pre-mRNA misprocessing and restored stathmin-2 expression levels independently of TDP-43 binding.