Soil respiration-driven CO<sub>2</sub> pulses dominate Australia's flux variability.

Metz, Eva-Marie; Vardag, Sanam N; Basu, Sourish; Jung, Martin; Ahrens, Bernhard; El-Madany, Tarek; Sitch, Stephen; Arora, Vivek K et al. · Science · 2023

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Abstract

The Australian continent contributes substantially to the year-to-year variability of the global terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) sink. However, the scarcity of in situ observations in remote areas prevents the deciphering of processes that force the CO<sub>2</sub> flux variability. In this study, by examining atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> measurements from satellites in the period 2009-2018, we find recurrent end-of-dry-season CO<sub>2</sub> pulses over the Australian continent. These pulses largely control the year-to-year variability of Australia's CO<sub>2</sub> balance. They cause two to three times larger seasonal variations compared with previous top-down inversions and bottom-up estimates. The pulses occur shortly after the onset of rainfall and are driven by enhanced soil respiration preceding photosynthetic uptake in Australia's semiarid regions. The suggested continental-scale relevance of soil-rewetting processes has substantial implications for our understanding and modeling of global climate-carbon cycle feedbacks.