Thickness-Dependent Interface Polarity in Infinite-Layer Nickelate Superlattices.

Yang, Chao; Ortiz, Roberto A; Wang, Yi; Sigle, Wilfried; Wang, Hongguang; Benckiser, Eva; Keimer, Bernhard; van Aken, Peter A · Nano Lett · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The interface polarity plays a vital role in the physical properties of oxide heterointerfaces because it can cause specific modifications of the electronic and atomic structure. Reconstruction due to the strong polarity of the NdNiO<sub>2</sub>/SrTiO<sub>3</sub> interface in recently discovered superconducting nickelate films may play an important role, as no superconductivity has been observed in the bulk. By employing four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we studied effects of oxygen distribution, polyhedral distortion, elemental intermixing, and dimensionality in NdNiO<sub>2</sub>/SrTiO<sub>3</sub> superlattices grown on SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (001) substrates. Oxygen distribution maps show a gradual variation of the oxygen content in the nickelate layer. Remarkably, we demonstrate thickness-dependent interface reconstruction due to a polar discontinuity. An average cation displacement of ∼0.025 nm at interfaces in 8NdNiO<sub>2</sub>/4SrTiO<sub>3</sub> superlattices is twice larger than that in 4NdNiO<sub>2</sub>/2SrTiO<sub>3</sub> superlattices. Our results provide insights into the understanding of reconstructions at NdNiO<sub>2</sub>/SrTiO<sub>3</sub> polar interfaces.