Charge order driven by multiple-Q spin fluctuations in heavily electron-doped iron selenide superconductors.

Chen, Ziyuan; Li, Dong; Lu, Zouyouwei; Liu, Yue; Zhang, Jiakang; Li, Yuanji; Yin, Ruotong; Li, Mingzhe et al. · Nat Commun · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Intertwined spin and charge orders have been widely studied in high-temperature superconductors, since their fluctuations may facilitate electron pairing; however, they are rarely identified in heavily electron-doped iron selenides. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy, we show that when the superconductivity of (Li<sub>0.84</sub>Fe<sub>0.16</sub>OH)Fe<sub>1-x</sub>Se is suppressed by introducing Fe-site defects, a short-ranged checkerboard charge order emerges, propagating along the Fe-Fe directions with an approximately 2a<sub>Fe</sub> period. It persists throughout the whole phase space tuned by Fe-site defect density, from a defect-pinned local pattern in optimally doped samples to an extended order in samples with lower T<sub>c</sub> or non-superconducting. Intriguingly, our simulations indicate that the charge order is likely driven by multiple-Q spin density waves originating from the spin fluctuations observed by inelastic neutron scattering. Our study proves the presence of a competing order in heavily electron-doped iron selenides, and demonstrates the potential of charge order as a tool to detect spin fluctuations.