Metal-rich stars are less suitable for the evolution of life on their planets.

Shapiro, Anna V; Brühl, Christoph; Klingmüller, Klaus; Steil, Benedikt; Shapiro, Alexander I; Witzke, Veronika; Kostogryz, Nadiia; Gizon, Laurent et al. · Nat Commun · 2023

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Abstract

Atmospheric ozone and oxygen protect the terrestrial biosphere against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here, we model atmospheres of Earth-like planets hosted by stars with near-solar effective temperatures (5300 to 6300 K) and a broad range of metallicities covering known exoplanet host stars. We show that paradoxically, although metal-rich stars emit substantially less ultraviolet radiation than metal-poor stars, the surface of their planets is exposed to more intense ultraviolet radiation. For the stellar types considered, metallicity has a larger impact than stellar temperature. During the evolution of the universe, newly formed stars have progressively become more metal-rich, exposing organisms to increasingly intense ultraviolet radiation. Our findings imply that planets hosted by stars with low metallicity are the best targets to search for complex life on land.