Lower mitochondrial respiration does not lead to decreased fat oxidation in young African American women without obesity.

Abstract

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in African American women (AAW) is nearly twice that of White women. Lower insulin sensitivity and decreased mitochondrial function may be contributing factors. The purpose of this study was to compare fat oxidation in AAW and White women. Participants were 22 AAW and 22 White women, matched for age (18.7-38.3 years) and BMI (< 28 kg/m²). Participants completed two submaximal (50% VO₂max) exercise tests with indirect calorimetry and stable isotope tracers to assess total, plasma, and intramyocellular triglyceride fat oxidation. The respiratory quotient during the exercise test was nearly identical in AAW and White women (0.813 ± 0.008 vs. 0.810 ± 0.008, p = 0.83). Although absolute total and plasma fat oxidation was lower in AAW, adjusting for the lower workload in AAW eliminated these racial differences. There was no racial difference in plasma and intramyocellular triglyceride source of fat for oxidation. No racial differences were observed in rates of ex vivo fat oxidation. Exercise efficiency was lower in AAW when adjusted to leg fat free mass. The data suggest that fat oxidation is not lower in AAW compared with White women, but additional studies are needed across exercise intensity, body weight, and age to confirm these results.