Fluorine- and Acid-Free Strategy toward Scalable Fabrication of Two-Dimensional MXenes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 37199374.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01201.
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Abstract
MXenes are emerging 2D materials that have gained great attention because of their unique physical-chemical properties. However, the wide application of MXenes is prohibited by their high cost and environmentally harmful synthesis process. Here a fluoride- and acid-free physical vacuum distillation strategy is proposed to directly synthesize a series of MXenes. Specifically, by introducing a low-boiling-point element into MAX and subsequently evaporating A elements via physical vacuum distillation, fluoride-free MXenes (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub>, Nb<sub>2</sub>CT<sub><i>x</i></sub>, Nb<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub>, Ta<sub>2</sub>CT<sub><i>x</i></sub>, Ti<sub>2</sub>NT<sub><i>x</i></sub>, Ti<sub>3</sub>CNT<sub><i>x</i></sub>, etc.) are fabricated. This is a green and one-step process without any acid/alkaline involved and with all reactions inside a vacuum tube furnace, avoiding any contamination to external environments. Besides, the synthetic temperature is controlled to regulate the layered structures and specific surface areas of MXenes. Accordingly, the synthesized Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene exhibits improved sodium storage performance. This method may provide an alternative for the scalable production of MXenes and other 2D materials.