Ant venoms contain vertebrate-selective pain-causing sodium channel toxins.

Robinson, Samuel D; Deuis, Jennifer R; Touchard, Axel; Keramidas, Angelo; Mueller, Alexander; Schroeder, Christina I; Barassé, Valentine; Walker, Andrew A et al. · Nat Commun · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Stings of certain ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) can cause intense, long-lasting nociception. Here we show that the major contributors to these symptoms are venom peptides that modulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium (Na<sub>V</sub>) channels, reducing their voltage threshold for activation and inhibiting channel inactivation. These peptide toxins are likely vertebrate-selective, consistent with a primarily defensive function. They emerged early in the Formicidae lineage and may have been a pivotal factor in the expansion of ants.

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