Ready-To-Use and Rapidly Biodegradable Magnesium Phosphate Bone Cement: In Vivo Evaluation in Sheep.

Schröter, Lena; Kaiser, Friederike; Preißler, Anna-Lena; Wohlfahrt, Philipp; Küppers, Oliver; Gbureck, Uwe; Ignatius, Anita · Adv Healthc Mater · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

In clinical practice, hydroxyapatite (HA) cements for bone defect treatment are frequently prepared by mixing a powder component and a liquid component shortly before implantation in the operation theater, which is time-consuming and error-prone. In addition, HA cements are only slightly resorbed, that is, cement residues can still be found in the bone years after implantation. Here, these challenges are addressed by a prefabricated magnesium phosphate cement paste based on glycerol, which is ready-to-use and can be directly applied during surgery. By using a trimodal particle size distribution (PSD), the paste is readily injectable and exhibits a compressive strength of 9-14 MPa after setting. Struvite (MgNH<sub>4</sub> PO<sub>4</sub> ·6H<sub>2</sub> O), dittmarite (MgNH<sub>4</sub> PO<sub>4</sub> ·H<sub>2</sub> O), farringtonite (Mg<sub>3</sub> (PO<sub>4</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ), and newberyite (MgHPO<sub>4</sub> ·3H<sub>2</sub> O) are the mineral phases present in the set cement. The paste developed here features a promising degradation of 37% after four months in an ovine implantation model, with 25% of the implant area being newly formed bone. It is concluded that the novel prefabricated paste improves application during surgery, has a suitable degradation rate, and supports bone regeneration.

Medical subject headings