Beyond antioxidation: Harnessing the CeO₂ nanoparticles as a renoprotective contrast agent for in vivo spectral CT angiography.

Abstract

It is a challenging task to develop a contrast agent that not only provides excellent image contrast but also protects impaired kidneys from oxidative-related stress during angiography. Clinically approved iodinated CT contrast media are associated with potential renal toxicity, making it necessary to develop a renoprotective contrast agent. Here, we develop a CeO₂ nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated three-in-one renoprotective imaging strategy, namely, i) renal clearable CeO₂ NPs serve as a one-stone-two-birds antioxidative contrast agent, ii) low contrast media dose, and iii) spectral CT, for in vivo CT angiography (CTA). Benefiting from the merits of advanced sensitivity of spectral CT and K-edge energy of Cerium (Ce, 40.4 keV), an improved image quality of in vivo CTA is successfully achieved with a 10 times reduction of contrast agent dosage. In parallel, the sizes of CeO₂ NPs and broad catalytic activities are suitable to be filtered via glomerulus thus directly alleviating the oxidative stress and the accompanying inflammatory injury of the kidney tubules. In addition, the low dosage of CeO₂ NPs reduces the hypoperfusion stress of renal tubules induced by concentrated contrast agents used in angiography. This three-in-one renoprotective imaging strategy helps prevent kidney injury from being worsened during the CTA examination.