Uncertainty in non-CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouse gas mitigation contributes to ambiguity in global climate policy feasibility.

Harmsen, Mathijs; Tabak, Charlotte; Höglund-Isaksson, Lena; Humpenöder, Florian; Purohit, Pallav; van Vuuren, Detlef · Nat Commun · 2023

review · Level V

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Abstract

Despite its projected crucial role in stringent, future global climate policy, non-CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouse gas (NCGG) mitigation remains a large uncertain factor in climate research. A revision of the estimated mitigation potential has implications for the feasibility of global climate policy to reach the Paris Agreement climate goals. Here, we provide a systematic bottom-up estimate of the total uncertainty in NCGG mitigation, by developing 'optimistic', 'default' and 'pessimistic' long-term NCGG marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves, based on a comprehensive literature review of mitigation options. The global 1.5-degree climate target is found to be out of reach under pessimistic MAC assumptions, as is the 2-degree target under high emission assumptions. In a 2-degree scenario, MAC uncertainty translates into a large projected range in relative NCGG reduction (40-58%), carbon budget (±120 Gt CO<sub>2</sub>) and policy costs (±16%). Partly, the MAC uncertainty signifies a gap that could be bridged by human efforts, but largely it indicates uncertainty in technical limitations.