DeePSC: A Deep Learning Model for Automated Diagnosis of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis at Two-dimensional MR Cholangiopancreatography.

Abstract

To develop, train, and validate a multiview deep convolutional neural network (DeePSC) for the automated diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) on two-dimensional MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) images. This retrospective study included two-dimensional MRCP datasets of 342 patients (45 years ± 14 [SD]; 207 male patients) with confirmed diagnosis of PSC and 264 controls (51 years ± 16; 150 male patients). MRCP images were separated into 3-T (<i>n</i> = 361) and 1.5-T (<i>n</i> = 398) datasets, of which 39 samples each were randomly chosen as unseen test sets. Additionally, 37 MRCP images obtained with a 3-T MRI scanner from a different manufacturer were included for external testing. A multiview convolutional neural network was developed, specialized in simultaneously processing the seven images taken at different rotational angles per MRCP examination. The final model, DeePSC, derived its classification per patient from the instance expressing the highest confidence in an ensemble of 20 individually trained multiview convolutional neural networks. Predictive performance on both test sets was compared with that of four licensed radiologists using the Welch <i>t</i> test. DeePSC achieved an accuracy of 80.5% ± 1.3 (sensitivity, 80.0% ± 1.9; specificity, 81.1% ± 2.7) on the 3-T and 82.6% ± 3.0 (sensitivity, 83.6% ± 1.8; specificity, 80.0% ± 8.9) on the 1.5-T test set and scored even higher on the external test set (accuracy, 92.4% ± 1.1; sensitivity, 100.0% ± 0.0; specificity, 83.5% ± 2.4). DeePSC outperformed radiologists in average prediction accuracy by 5.5 (<i>P</i> = .34, 3 T) and 10.1 (<i>P</i> = .13, 1.5 T) percentage points. Automated classification of PSC-compatible findings based on two-dimensional MRCP was achievable and demonstrated high accuracy on internal and external test sets.<b>Keywords:</b> Neural Networks, Deep Learning, Liver Disease, MRI, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, MR Cholangiopancreatography <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> © RSNA, 2023.