Acute Fixation Protocol for High-Energy Tibial Pilon Fractures Decreases Time to Fixation and Lowers Operative Costs Without Affecting Wound Complications and Reoperations.

Abstract

To determine whether an acute fixation protocol for high-energy tibial pilon fractures increases the rate of wound complications. Retrospective comparative study. Urban level 1 trauma center. One hundred forty-seven patients with OTA/AO 43B and 43C high-energy tibial pilon fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Acute (<48 hours) versus delayed ORIF protocols. Wound complications, reoperations, time to fixation, operative costs, and hospital length of stay (LOS). Patients were compared by protocol, regardless of ORIF timing, for an intention-to-treat analysis. Thirty-five and 112 high-energy pilon fractures were treated under the acute and delayed ORIF protocols, respectively. In the acute ORIF protocol group, 82.9% of patients received acute ORIF versus 15.2% of patients in the standard delayed protocol group. The 2 groups had no observed difference (OD) in the rate of wound complications (OD -5.7%, confidence interval (95% CI) -16.1% to 7.8%; P = 0.56) or reoperations (OD -3.9%, 95% CI, -14.1% to 9.4%; P = 0.76). The acute ORIF protocol group had a shorter LOS (OD -2.0, 95% CI, -4.0 to 0.0; P = 0.02) and lower operative costs (OD $-2709.27, 95% CI, -3582.02 to -1601.16; P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, wound complications were associated with open fractures (odds ratio 3.36, 95% CI, 1.06-10.69; P = 0.04) and an American Society of Anesthesiologists score >2 (odds ratio 3.68, 95% CI, 1.07-12.67; P = 0.04). This study suggests that an acute fixation protocol for high-energy pilon fractures decreases time to definitive fixation, lowers operative costs, and shortens hospital LOS without affecting wound complications or reoperations. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.