Built structures influence patterns of energy demand and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions across countries.
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 37400457.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-39728-3 and PMC identifier 10317978.
- Licence recorded as CC BY.
- The licence permits redistribution, so the abstract is shown in full and the full text is available from the publisher.
Abstract
Built structures, i.e. the patterns of settlements and transport infrastructures, are known to influence per-capita energy demand and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions at the urban level. At the national level, the role of built structures is seldom considered due to poor data availability. Instead, other potential determinants of energy demand and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, primarily GDP, are more frequently assessed. We present a set of national-level indicators to characterize patterns of built structures. We quantify these indicators for 113 countries and statistically analyze the results along with final energy use and territorial CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, as well as factors commonly included in national-level analyses of determinants of energy use and emissions. We find that these indicators are about equally important for predicting energy demand and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions as GDP and other conventional factors. The area of built-up land per capita is the most important predictor, second only to the effect of GDP.