Versatile Synthesis of Hollow-Structured Mesoporous Carbons by Enhanced Surface Interaction for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Abstract

Nanoporous carbons are very attractive for various applications including energy storage. Templating methods with assembled amphiphilic molecules or porous inorganic templates are typically used for the synthesis. Amongst the different members of this family, CMK-5-like structures that are constructed to consist of sub-10 nm amorphous carbon nanotubes and ultrahigh specific surface area due to their thin pore walls, have the best properties in various respects. However, the fabrication of such hollow-structured mesoporous carbons entails elaborately tailoring the surface properties of the template pore walls and selecting specific carbon precursors. Thus, very limited cases are successful. Herein, a versatile and general silanol-assisted surface-casting method to create hollow-structured mesoporous carbons and heteroatom-doped derivatives with numerous organic molecules (e.g., furfuryl alcohol, resol, 2-thiophene methanol, dopamine, tyrosine) and different structural templates is reported. These carbon materials exhibit ultrahigh surface area (2400 m² g^-1), large pore volume (4.0 cm³ g^-1), as well as satisfactory lithium-storage capacity (1460 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 A g^-1), excellent rate capability (320 mAh g^-1 at 5 A g^-1), and very outstanding cycling performance (2000 cycles at 5 A g^-1).