Aluminum foil negative electrodes with multiphase microstructure for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries.

Liu, Yuhgene; Wang, Congcheng; Yoon, Sun Geun; Han, Sang Yun; Lewis, John A; Prakash, Dhruv; Klein, Emily J; Chen, Timothy et al. · Nat Commun · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Metal negative electrodes that alloy with lithium have high theoretical charge storage capacity and are ideal candidates for developing high-energy rechargeable batteries. However, such electrode materials show limited reversibility in Li-ion batteries with standard non-aqueous liquid electrolyte solutions. To circumvent this issue, here we report the use of non-pre-lithiated aluminum-foil-based negative electrodes with engineered microstructures in an all-solid-state Li-ion cell configuration. When a 30-μm-thick Al<sub>94.5</sub>In<sub>5.5</sub> negative electrode is combined with a Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl solid-state electrolyte and a LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-based positive electrode, lab-scale cells deliver hundreds of stable cycles with practically relevant areal capacities at high current densities (6.5 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>). We also demonstrate that the multiphase Al-In microstructure enables improved rate behavior and enhanced reversibility due to the distributed LiIn network within the aluminum matrix. These results demonstrate the possibility of improved all-solid-state batteries via metallurgical design of negative electrodes while simplifying manufacturing processes.