Surface defect engineered-Mg-based implants enable the dual functions of superhydrophobic and synergetic photothermal/chemodynamic therapy.

Abstract

Promoting metallic magnesium (Mg)-based implants to treat bone diseases in clinics, such as osteosarcoma and bacterial infection, remains a challenging topic. Herein, an iron hydroxide-based composite coating with a two-stage nanosheet-like structure was fabricated on Mg alloy, and this was followed by a thermal reduction treatment to break some of the surface Fe-OH bonds. The coating demonstrated three positive changes in properties due to the defects. First, the removal of -OH made the coating superhydrophobic, and it had self-cleaning and antifouling properties. This is beneficial for keeping the implants clean and for anti-corrosion before implantation into the human body. Furthermore, the superhydrophobicity could be removed by immersing the implant in a 75% ethanol solution, to further facilitate biological action during service. Second, the color of the coating changed from yellow to brown-black, leading to an increase in the light absorption, which resulted in an excellent photothermal effect. Third, the defects increased the Fe²⁺ content in the coating and highly improved peroxidase activity. Thus, the defect coating exhibited synergistic photothermal/chemodynamic therapeutic effects for bacteria and tumors. Moreover, the coating substantially enhanced the anti-corrosion and biocompatibility of the Mg alloys. Therefore, this study offers a novel multi-functional Mg-based implant for osteosarcoma therapy.