The mRNA Vaccine Revolution: COVID-19 Has Launched the Future of Vaccinology.

Ye, Zhongfeng; Harmon, Joseph; Ni, Wei; Li, Yamin; Wich, Douglas; Xu, Qiaobing · ACS Nano · 2023

review · Level V

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Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA (mRNA) vaccines emerged as leading vaccine candidates in a record time. Nonreplicating mRNA (NRM) and self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) technologies have been developed into high-performing and clinically viable vaccines against a range of infectious agents, notably SARS-CoV-2. mRNA vaccines demonstrate efficient <i>in vivo</i> delivery, long-lasting stability, and nonexistent risk of infection. The stability and translational efficiency of <i>in vitro</i> transcription (IVT)-mRNA can be further increased by modulating its structural elements. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent advances, key applications, and future challenges in the field of mRNA-based vaccinology.

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