Emergent layer stacking arrangements in c-axis confined MoTe<sub>2</sub>.

Hart, James L; Bhatt, Lopa; Zhu, Yanbing; Han, Myung-Geun; Bianco, Elisabeth; Li, Shunran; Hynek, David J; Schneeloch, John A et al. · Nat Commun · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The layer stacking order in 2D materials strongly affects functional properties and holds promise for next-generation electronic devices. In bulk, octahedral MoTe<sub>2</sub> possesses two stacking arrangements, the ferroelectric Weyl semimetal T<sub>d</sub> phase and the higher-order topological insulator 1T' phase. However, in thin flakes of MoTe<sub>2</sub>, it is unclear if the layer stacking follows the T<sub>d</sub>, 1T', or an alternative stacking sequence. Here, we use atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy to directly visualize the MoTe<sub>2</sub> layer stacking. In thin flakes, we observe highly disordered stacking, with nanoscale 1T' and T<sub>d</sub> domains, as well as alternative stacking arrangements not found in the bulk. We attribute these findings to intrinsic confinement effects on the MoTe<sub>2</sub> stacking-dependent free energy. Our results are important for the understanding of exotic physics displayed in MoTe<sub>2</sub> flakes. More broadly, this work suggests c-axis confinement as a method to influence layer stacking in other 2D materials.