Carrier-envelope phase on-chip scanner and control of laser beams.

Hanus, Václav; Fehér, Beatrix; Csajbók, Viktória; Sándor, Péter; Pápa, Zsuzsanna; Budai, Judit; Wang, Zilong; Paul, Pallabi et al. · Nat Commun · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The carrier-envelope phase (CEP) is an important property of few-cycle laser pulses, allowing for light field control of electronic processes during laser-matter interactions. Thus, the measurement and control of CEP is essential for applications of few-cycle lasers. Currently, there is no robust method for measuring the non-trivial spatial CEP distribution of few-cycle laser pulses. Here, we demonstrate a compact on-chip, ambient-air, CEP scanning probe with 0.1 µm<sup>3</sup> resolution based on optical driving of CEP-sensitive ultrafast currents in a metal-dielectric heterostructure. We successfully apply the probe to obtain a 3D map of spatial changes of CEP in the vicinity of an oscillator beam focus with pulses as weak as 1 nJ. We also demonstrate CEP control in the focal volume with a spatial light modulator so that arbitrary spatial CEP sculpting could be realized.