Resonating holes vs molecular spin-orbit coupled states in group-5 lacunar spinels.

Petersen, Thorben; Bhattacharyya, Pritam; Rößler, Ulrich K; Hozoi, Liviu · Nat Commun · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The valence electronic structure of magnetic centers is one of the factors that determines the characteristics of a magnet. This may refer to orbital degeneracy, as for j<sub>eff</sub> = 1/2 Kitaev magnets, or near-degeneracy, e.g., involving the third and fourth shells in cuprate superconductors. Here we explore the inner structure of magnetic moments in group-5 lacunar spinels, fascinating materials featuring multisite magnetic units in the form of tetrahedral tetramers. Our quantum chemical analysis reveals a very colorful landscape, much richer than the single-electron, single-configuration description applied so far to all group-5 GaM<sub>4</sub>X<sub>8</sub> chalcogenides, and clarifies the basic multiorbital correlations on M<sub>4</sub> tetrahedral clusters: while for V strong correlations yield a wave-function that can be well described in terms of four V<sup>4+</sup>V<sup>3+</sup>V<sup>3+</sup>V<sup>3+</sup> resonant valence structures, for Nb and Ta a picture of dressed molecular-orbital j<sub>eff</sub> = 3/2 entities is more appropriate. These internal degrees of freedom likely shape vibronic couplings, phase transitions, and the magneto-electric properties in each of these systems.