Lanthanide-Doped KMgF<sub>3</sub> Upconversion Nanoparticles for Photon Avalanche Luminescence with Giant Nonlinearities.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 37683074.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02377.
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Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln<sup>3+</sup>)-doped photon avalanche (PA) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have great prospects in many advanced technologies; however, realizing efficient PA luminescence in Ln<sup>3+</sup>-doped UCNPs remains challenging due to the deleterious surface and lattice quenching effect. Herein, we report a unique strategy based on the pyrolysis of KHF<sub>2</sub> for the controlled synthesis of aliovalent Ln<sup>3+</sup>-doped KMgF<sub>3</sub> UCNPs, which can effectively protect Ln<sup>3+</sup> from luminescence quenching by surface and internal OH<sup>-</sup> defects and thereby boost upconversion luminescence. This enables us to realize efficient PA luminescence from Tm<sup>3+</sup> at 802 nm in KMgF<sub>3</sub>: Tm<sup>3+</sup> UCNPs upon 1064 nm excitation, with a giant nonlinearity of ∼27, a PA response time of 281 ms, and an excitation threshold of 16.6 kW cm<sup>-2</sup>. This work may open up a new avenue for exploring highly nonlinear PA luminescence through aliovalent Ln<sup>3+</sup> doping and crystal lattice engineering toward diverse emerging applications.