Design principles in mechanically adaptable biomaterials for repairing annulus fibrosus rupture: A review.
review · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 37692911.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.012 and PMC identifier 10485601.
- Licence recorded as CC BY-NC-ND.
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Abstract
Annulus fibrosus (AF) plays a crucial role in the biomechanical loading of intervertebral disc (IVD). AF is difficult to self-heal when the annulus tears develop, because AF has a unique intricate structure and biologic milieu <i>in vivo</i>. Tissue engineering is promising for repairing AF rupture, but construction of suitable mechanical matching devices or scaffolds is still a grand challenge. To deeply know the varied forces involved in the movement of the native annulus is highly beneficial for designing biomimetic scaffolds to recreate the AF function. In this review, we overview six freedom degrees of forces and adhesion strength on AF tissue. Then, we summarize the mechanical modalities to simulate related forces on AF and to assess the characteristics of biomaterials. We finally outline some current advanced techniques to develop mechanically adaptable biomaterials for AF rupture repair.