Predictors of the Social Participation of Adults with Down Syndrome: An Analysis Based on the Biopsychosocial Model of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.

Abstract

The aim of the study is to identify the predictors of social participation in Down syndrome adults from the biopsychosocial model of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. An exploratory, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with Down syndrome adults. The social participation was assessed using the Life Habits Assessment. The independent variables were determined using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health biopsychosocial model: body functions were assessed by body mass index, cognition function (Mini-Mental State Examination), and lower limbs muscle strength (Sit-to-Stand Test). Activities were assessed by the 8-Foot Up and Go Test. Environmental factors were assessed by the measure of the quality of the environment, and personal factors were assessed by age, sex, and education level. The total Life Habits Assessment score indicates that individuals show moderate restriction in social participation, with major restriction in the education, employment, and responsibilities domains. The 8-Foot Up and Go Test was the best social participation predictor variable, followed by Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Sit-to-Stand Test. Contextual factors were not predictors of participation. It was concluded that individuals with Down syndrome present the most restrictions to social participation in activities that involve social roles. The predictors influencing social participation are functional mobility, cognition, and lower limb muscle strength.