Hyper-Branched Gold Nanoconstructs for Photoacoustic Imaging in the Near-Infrared Optical Window.

Abstract

In plasmonic nanoconstructs (NCs), fine-tuning interparticle interactions at the subnanoscale offer enhanced electromagnetic and thermal responses in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range. Due to tunable electromagnetic and thermal characteristics, NCs can be excellent photoacoustic (PA) imaging contrast agents. However, engineering plasmonic NCs that maximize light absorption efficiency across multiple polarization directions, i.e., exhibiting blackbody absorption behavior, remains challenging. Herein, we present the synthesis, computational simulation, and characterization of hyper-branched gold nanoconstructs (HBGNCs) as a highly efficient PA contrast agent. HBGNCs exhibit remarkable optical properties, including strong NIR absorption, high absorption efficiency across various polarization angles, and superior photostability compared to conventional standard plasmonic NC-based contrast agents such as gold nanorods and gold nanostars. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments confirm the suitability of HBGNCs for cancer imaging, showcasing their potential as reliable PA contrast agents and addressing the need for enhanced imaging contrast and stability in bioimaging applications.