Studying the mechanical properties of the mandible and injury prediction under the effect of ossification factors.

Abstract

It is essential to know the quantitative interactions between biological tissues and external mechanical and chemical stimuli. This assists the physicians to better know the quantitative behavior of the tissue and plan more effective therapy. In the literature, the effect of the chemical and mechanical loading was investigated on the bone biological cell activities and some mechanical features, but a lack of prediction of bone injury under the chemical and mechanical factors was sensed. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of the application of major chemical factors involved in ossification, including RANKL¹ (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta Ligand), PTH² (Parathyroid Hormone), and OPG³ (Osteoprotegerin) on the mandibular bone biological osteoblast and osteoclast activities and mechanical properties. Moreover, the study assesses the bone injury possibility under uniform mastication pressure applied on the premolar tooth in terms of the mechanostat theory undergoing the effects of the chemical factors. A 3D geometry of the mandible-tooth assembly was generated from the CT image dataset. The geometry was next purified, solidified, and exported to FEM⁴ (Finite Element Method) software to be meshed, where boundary conditions and loading were applied. Moreover, the mathematical system of differential equations to model the chemical factor effects on osteoblast and osteoclast activities as well as bone matrix volume fraction and elastic stiffness relations were applied. Next, the values of the equivalent strain were calculated to predict the injury states of the bone. The results complied with the literature data. The results showed that RANKL and PTH increased the values of the equivalent strain from 450 με to 11500 με, while OPG reduced that from 450 με to 300 με. Therefore, RANKL and PTH doses of this study put the bone at risk of injury compared to the baseline of no dose applied, while OPG secured the bone from injury.