Effects of mirror therapy on pain, sensitivity and functionality in patients with unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. Randomised control trial.

Abstract

To investigate the effects of mirror therapy (MT) and therapeutic exercise (TE) with the unaffected hand, on pain, sensitivity and functionality in individuals with unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). A randomized controlled trial was carried out. Thirty-nine adults with unilateral CTS were included and randomly allocated to a six-week training programme based on MT (<i>n</i> = 20) or TE (<i>n</i> = 19). Visual Analogue Scale, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, Two-point discrimination (2PD), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) were assessed before (T0) and after the intervention (T1), and at one-month follow-up (T2). At T1, MT and TE showed significant improvements in pain (<i>p</i> = 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.03, respectively), however, only MT maintained the achieved effects at T2 (<i>p</i> = 0.01). In addition, 2PD significantly improved in MT in the first (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and fourth fingers (<i>p</i> = 0.02) at T1. The DASH score decreased at T1 in MT (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and TE (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Additionally, the BCTQ score improved in MT (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and TE (<i>p</i> < 0.001) at T1. The effects were maintained at T2 for DASH and BCTQ scores. Training of the unaffected hand resulted in a significant improvement of the affected hand in both groups; nevertheless, MT achieved a longer duration of the effects.