Ultrasensitive Photothermal Switching with Resonant Silicon Metasurfaces at Visible Bands.

Che, Ying; Zhang, Tianyue; Shi, Tan; Deng, Zi-Lan; Cao, Yaoyu; Guan, Bai-Ou; Li, Xiangping · Nano Lett · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Dynamic access to quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) offers a highly desired platform for silicon-based active nanophotonic applications, while the prevailing tuning approaches by free carrier injections via an all-optical stimulus are yet limited to THz and infrared ranges and are less effective in visible bands. In this work, we present the realization of active manipulations on q-BICs for nanoscale optical switching in the visible by introducing a local index perturbation through a photothermal mechanism. The sharp q-BIC resonance exhibits an ultrasensitive susceptibility to the complex index perturbation, which can be flexibly fulfilled by optical heating of silicon. Consequently, a mild pump intensity of 1 MW/cm<sup>2</sup> can yield a modification of the imaginary part of the refractive index of less than 0.05, which effectively suppresses the sharp q-BIC resonances and renders an active modulation depth of reflectance exceeding 80%. Our research might open up an enabling platform for ultrasensitive dynamic nanophotonic devices.