Objectively measured cognitive dysfunction in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism improves after parathyroidectomy.

Abstract

A relationship between primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and decreased quality of life has been shown using patient-reported outcome measures, including Pasieka's Parathyroid Assessment of Symptoms, SF-36, and PROMIS. Despite this, there remains a paucity of objectively measured data demonstrating cognitive dysfunction in patients with PHPT. We assessed whether parathyroidectomy resulted in quantifiable cognitive improvement. We examined 59 consecutive patients with PHPT who underwent parathyroidectomy at a single institution between 2019 and 2021. We used BrainCheck, a clinically validated objective measure of neurocognition, to assess pre- and postoperative neurocognitive changes and evaluated associations between BrainCheck scores and parathyroidectomy using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Of the 59 patients with PHPT who underwent parathyroidectomy and rapid cognitive assessment with BrainCheck, 72.9% were female, 49.2% were White, and 30.5% were African American. A total of 44.1% of patients preoperatively showed neurocognitive dysfunction relative to the general population compared to 22% postoperatively, representing an improvement in 53% of the cohort. Postoperative scores for the entire cohort were significantly higher than preoperative scores (Z =2.85, P = .004). This association remained significant when the cohort was stratified by sex, as both males (Z =2.02, P = .044) and females (Z =2.09, P = .037) had a significant increase in scores. Domain sub-analysis demonstrated a significant association between parathyroidectomy and improved executive function (P < .01). Patients with PHPT experience objectively measurable cognitive changes associated with PHPT that can be reversed by parathyroidectomy, with improvements observed as early as 2 weeks after surgery. Further research with a larger cohort is needed to corroborate our findings.