Effect of zinc oxide micro- and nanoparticles on cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and mechanical properties of apatite-polymer osteoplastic material.

Sukhodub, Liudmyla; Kumeda, Mariia; Sukhodub, Leonid; Vovchenko, Liudmyla; Prokopiuk, Volodymyr; Petrenko, Oleksander; Kovalenko, Igor; Pshenychnyi, Roman et al. · J Mech Behav Biomed Mater · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

This work is devoted to the comparison of the physical and biological properties of synthesized osteoplastic composites with an experimentally determined content (375 μg/g) of the micro (ZnO<sub>MPs</sub>) and nano (ZnO<sub>NPs</sub>) particles, immobilized in Hydroxyapatite-Alginate-Chitosan matrix (HA-Alg-CS). ZnO<sub>NPs</sub> show pronounced antimicrobial activity against E.coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923, while ZnO<sub>MPs</sub> only in the CS presence. Composites containing ZnO<sub>NPs/MPs</sub> do not have a toxic effect on bone-forming cells - osteoblasts, preserving their ability to biomineralization. ZnO<sub>MPs</sub> and ZnO<sub>NPs</sub> to varying degrees, but significantly affect composites' swelling, porosity, shape stability, and prolong vitamin D3 release for 120h, compared to Control. Composites do not demonstrate unwanted "burst release." ZnO<sub>NPs/MPs</sub> increase Youngs' modulus of the HA-Alg matrix, namely 348 → 419 MPa (ZnO<sub>MPs</sub>), 348 → 646 MPa (ZnO<sub>NPs</sub>), and weaken the plastic (irreversible) deformations. The compressive strength of HA-Alg and HA-Alg/CS matrixes containing ZnO<sub>NPs</sub> (178 MPa and 251 MPa, respectively) is in the range of values for native cortical bone (170-193 MPa). Biocompatibility and lack of toxic effect give both composites a perspective for osteoplastic application, but composites doped with ZnO<sub>NPs</sub> are more attractive.

Medical subject headings