Endogenous CO imaging in bacterial pneumonia with a NIR fluorescent probe.

Abstract

Bacterial pneumonia is a serious respiratory illness that poses a great threat to human life. Rapid and precise diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia is crucial for symptomatic clinical treatment. Endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) is regarded as a significant indicator of bacterial pneumonia; herein, we developed a near-infrared (NIR) probe for fluorescence and photoacoustic (PA) dual-mode imaging of endogenous CO in bacterial pneumonia. NO₂-BODIPY could rapidly and specifically react with CO to produce strong NIR fluorescence as well as ratiometric PA signals. NO₂-BODIPY has outstanding features including fast response, fluorescence/PA dual mode signals, good specificity, and a low limit of detection (LOD = 20.3 nM), which enables it to image endogenous CO in cells and bacterial pneumonia mice with high sensitivity and high contrast ratio. In particular, NO₂-BODIPY has two-photon excited (1340 nm, σ₁ = 1671 GM) NIR fluorescence and has been utilized to image endogenous CO in bacterial pneumonia mice with deep tissue penetration. NO₂-BODIPY has been demonstrated a good capability of fluorescence/PA dual-mode imaging of CO in bacterial pneumonia mice, providing a precise manner to diagnose bacterial pneumonia.