Ni isotopes provide a glimpse of Earth's pre-late-veneer mantle.

Xu, Yong; Szilas, Kristoffer; Zhang, Lingyu; Zhu, Jian-Ming; Wu, Guangliang; Zhang, Jie; Qin, Bin; Sun, Yao et al. · Sci Adv · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Moderately siderophile (e.g., Ni) and highly siderophile elements (HSEs) in the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) are believed to be partly or near-completely delivered by late accretion after the depletion caused by metallic core formation. However, the extent and rate of remixing of late-accreted materials that equilibrated with Earth's pre-late-veneer mantle have long been debated. Observing evidence of this siderophile element-depleted pre-late-veneer mantle would provide powerful confirmation of this model of early mantle evolution. We find that the mantle source of the ~3.8-billion-year-old (Ga) Narssaq ultramafic cumulates from Southwest Greenland exhibits a subtle <sup>60</sup>Ni/<sup>58</sup>Ni excess of ~0.05 per mil and contains a clear HSE deficiency of ~60% relative to the BSE. The intermediate Ni isotopic composition and HSE abundances of the ~3.8-Ga Narssaq mantle mark a transitional Eoarchean snapshot as the poorly mixed 3.8-Ga mantle containing elements of pre-late-veneer mantle material transitions to modern Earth's mantle.