Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of Ryugu formed in the interstellar medium.

Zeichner, Sarah S; Aponte, José C; Bhattacharjee, Surjyendu; Dong, Guannan; Hofmann, Amy E; Dworkin, Jason P; Glavin, Daniel P; Elsila, Jamie E et al. · Science · 2023

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contain ≲20% of the carbon in the interstellar medium. They are potentially produced in circumstellar environments (at temperatures ≳1000 kelvin), by reactions within cold (~10 kelvin) interstellar clouds, or by processing of carbon-rich dust grains. We report isotopic properties of PAHs extracted from samples of the asteroid Ryugu and the meteorite Murchison. The doubly-<sup>13</sup>C substituted compositions (Δ2×<sup>13</sup>C values) of the PAHs naphthalene, fluoranthene, and pyrene are 9 to 51‰ higher than values expected for a stochastic distribution of isotopes. The Δ2×<sup>13</sup>C values are higher than expected if the PAHs formed in a circumstellar environment, but consistent with formation in the interstellar medium. By contrast, the PAHs phenanthrene and anthracene in Ryugu samples have Δ2×<sup>13</sup>C values consistent with formation by higher-temperature reactions.