Large electronegativity differences between adjacent atomic sites activate and stabilize ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 38184634.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-44725-1 and PMC identifier 10771526.
- Licence recorded as CC BY.
- The licence permits redistribution, so the abstract is shown in full and the full text is available from the publisher.
Abstract
Photocatalytic overall water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen is desirable for long-term renewable, sustainable and clean fuel production on earth. Metal sulfides are considered as ideal hydrogen-evolved photocatalysts, but their component homogeneity and typical sulfur instability cause an inert oxygen production, which remains a huge obstacle to overall water-splitting. Here, a distortion-evoked cation-site oxygen doping of ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> (D-O-ZIS) creates significant electronegativity differences between adjacent atomic sites, with S<sub>1</sub> sites being electron-rich and S<sub>2</sub> sites being electron-deficient in the local structure of S<sub>1</sub>-S<sub>2</sub>-O sites. The strong charge redistribution character activates stable oxygen reactions at S<sub>2</sub> sites and avoids the common issue of sulfur instability in metal sulfide photocatalysis, while S<sub>1</sub> sites favor the adsorption/desorption of hydrogen. Consequently, an overall water-splitting reaction has been realized in D-O-ZIS with a remarkable solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 0.57%, accompanying a ~ 91% retention rate after 120 h photocatalytic test. In this work, we inspire an universal design from electronegativity differences perspective to activate and stabilize metal sulfide photocatalysts for efficient overall water-splitting.