Observation of interband Berry phase in laser-driven crystals.

Uzan-Narovlansky, Ayelet J; Faeyrman, Lior; Brown, Graham G; Shames, Sergei; Narovlansky, Vladimir; Xiao, Jiewen; Arusi-Parpar, Talya; Kneller, Omer et al. · Nature · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Ever since its discovery<sup>1</sup>, the notion of the Berry phase has permeated all branches of physics and plays an important part in a variety of quantum phenomena<sup>2</sup>. However, so far all its realizations have been based on a continuous evolution of the quantum state, following a cyclic path. Here we introduce and demonstrate a conceptually new manifestation of the Berry phase in light-driven crystals, in which the electronic wavefunction accumulates a geometric phase during a discrete evolution between different bands, while preserving the coherence of the process. We experimentally reveal this phase by using a strong laser field to engineer an internal interferometer, induced during less than one cycle of the driving field, which maps the phase onto the emission of higher-order harmonics. Our work provides an opportunity for the study of geometric phases, leading to a variety of observations in light-driven topological phenomena and attosecond solid-state physics.