Structured, time-limited peer mentorship activity programmes for individuals with acquired brain or spinal cord injuries: a mixed methods systematic review of characteristics and outcomes.

Abstract

To determine the characteristics and outcomes of structured, time-limited peer mentorship activity programmes for individuals with acquired brain or spinal cord injury. A mixed methods systematic review with an advanced convergent qualitative meta-integration synthesis design was adopted. Seven databases were searched, with two reviewers independently screening, selecting, and extracting data and evaluating the methodological quality of the included studies. The review included ten original studies: five qualitative, four quantitative, and one mixed methods. The peer mentorship programmes were conducted in Europe, Oceania, the United States, and Africa, lasting from two days to 2.5 weeks. The programmes had diverse focuses, but all addressed mentees' independence, health, or quality of life in some way. None was based on a theoretical framework. Programme participation positively impacted cognition, emotions, independence, and social life. The safe and supportive environments the mentees and peer mentors created facilitated the outcomes. The evidence of programme participation on life satisfaction and community participation was inconclusive. Despite their short duration, structured, time-limited peer mentorship activity programmes can strengthen community rehabilitation of individuals with acquired brain or spinal cord injury. It is recommended that peer mentorship programmes are grounded on a theoretical framework.